INTRODUCTION
Palmitoyl chloride is a long-chain fatty acid derivative. It is the acid chloride form of palmitic acid; a saturated fatty acid commonly found in palm oil and other natural fats. It appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sharp odour and is highly reactive, especially toward water, alcohols, and amines. Due to its reactive acyl chloride group, it serves as a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of esters, amides, surfactants, and cosmetic ingredients. Its ability to introduce hydrophobic palmitoyl chains makes it especially useful in surface modification, pharmaceuticals, and polymer chemistry.
MANUFACTURE
Palmitoyl chloride is typically synthesized by reacting palmitic acid with a chlorinating agent, most commonly thionyl chloride (SOCl₂), oxalyl chloride (COCl)₂, or phosphorus trichloride (PCl₃).
| Synonyms | Hexadecanoyl chloride |
| CAS no. | 112-67-4 |
| EINECS no. | 203-996-7 |
| Molecular formula | C₁₆H₃₁ClO |
| Molecular weight | 274.87 |
| Structure |  |
APPLICATIONS
Palmitoyl chloride serves as a reactive intermediate and is used in multiple industrial and chemical applications:
| Surface Treatment |
| • Used to modify surfaces (e.g., glass, silica, textiles) to make them hydrophobic or oleophobic. |
| • Applied in coatings and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). |
| Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics |
| • Acts as a building block in the synthesis of lipid-based drug delivery systems, surfactants, and emollients. |
| • Used to prepare palmitoylated derivatives (e.g., palmitoyl peptides) for anti-aging cosmetic formulations. |
| Synthesis of Esters and Amides |
| • Reacts with alcohols and amines to form palmitate esters and amides, widely used in : |
| ✓ Lubricants ✓ Detergents ✓ Plasticizers ✓ Emulsifiers |
| Polymer Industry |
| • Functions as a chain modifier in the production of specialty polymers or resins. |
| • Enhances hydrophobicity or thermal properties in polymers. |
| Agrochemicals |
| • Intermediate for synthesizing pesticide formulations or other agrochemical active ingredients. |
SPECIFICATIONS
| Test | Unit | Specification |
|---|---|---|
| Description | – | Clear colorless liquid |
| Identification by GC | – | The retention time of the major peak in the chromatogram of the sample solution corresponds to that in the chromatogram of the standard solution, as obtained in the chromatographic purity by GC |
| Miscibility | – | Miscible with acetone and diethyl ether |
| Chromatographic purity (as methyl ester, % area normalization, by GC) | ||
| a. Purity | % | NLT 98.50 |
| b. Lauroyl chloride | % | NMT 0.30 |
| c. Myristoyl chloride | % | NMT 0.60 |
| d. Pentadecanoyl chloride | % | NMT 0.20 |
| e. Stearoyl chloride | % | NMT 0.20 |
| f. Any other individual impurity | % | NMT 0.30 |
PACKING
25 kg UN approved HDPE drum.
STORAGE
Store in dry, tightly sealed containers under inert atmosphere.
REACH status
Not registered.
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